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12>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
中道 see styles |
zhōng dào zhong1 dao4 chung tao nakamichi なかみち |
More info & calligraphy: The Middle WayThe 'mean' has various interpretations. In general it denotes the mean between two extremes, and has special reference to the mean between realism and nihilism, or eternal substantial existence and annihilation; this 'mean' is found in a third principle between the two, suggesting the idea of a realm of mind or spirit beyond the terminology of 有 or 無, substance or nothing, or, that which has form, and is therefore measurable and ponderable, and its opposite of total non-existence. See 中論. The following four Schools define the term according to their several scriptures: the 法相 School describes it as the 唯識, v. 唯識中道; the 三論 School as the 八不 eight negations, v. 三論; the Tiantai as 實相 the true reality; and the Huayan as the 法界 dharmadhātu. Four forms of the Mean are given by the 三論玄義. |
永生 see styles |
yǒng shēng yong3 sheng1 yung sheng eisei / ese えいせい |
More info & calligraphy: Eternal Life / Everlasting Life / Immortalityeternal life; immortality; (personal name) Hisaki Eternal life; immortality; nirvana is defined as 不生 not being born, i. e. not reborn, and therefore 不滅 not dying; 永生 is also perpetual life; the Amitābha cult says in the Pure Land. |
無我 无我 see styles |
wú wǒ wu2 wo3 wu wo muga むが |
More info & calligraphy: Selflessness(1) selflessness; self-effacement; self-renunciation; (2) {Buddh} anatta; anatman; doctrine that states that humans do not possess souls; (female given name) Muga anātman; nairātmya; no ego, no soul (of an independent and self-contained character), impersonal, no individual independent existence (of conscious or unconscious beings, anātmaka). The empirical ego is merely an aggregation of various elements, and with their disintegration it ceases to exist; therefore it has nm ultimate reality of its own, but the Nirvāṇa Sūtra asserts the reality of the ego in the transcendental realm. The non-Buddhist definition of ego is that it has permanent individuality 常一之體 and is independent or sovereign 有主宰之用. When applied to men it is 人我, when to things it is 法我. Cf. 常 11. |
乃 see styles |
nǎi nai3 nai nori のり |
to be; thus; so; therefore; then; only; thereupon (particle) (archaism) possessive particle; (female given name) Nori then |
則 则 see styles |
zé ze2 tse soku そく |
(literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifier for written items (suf,ctr) (1) counter for rules; (2) (rare) rule; regulation; (surname, given name) Nori Pattern, rule; then, therefore. |
劫 see styles |
jié jie2 chieh kou; gou; kou / ko; go; ko こう; ごう; コウ |
to rob; to plunder; to seize by force; to coerce; calamity; abbr. for kalpa 劫波[jie2 bo1] (1) (こう, ごう only) {Buddh} kalpa (eon, aeon); (2) (kana only) {go} (usu. コウ) ko; position that allows for eternal capture and recapture of the same stones 刧 A kalpa, aeon, age; also translit. ka; 'a fabulous period of time, a day of Brahmā or 1, 000 Yugas, a period of four hundred and thirty-two million years of mortals, measuring the duration of the world; (a month of Brahmā is supposed to contain thirty such kalpas; according to the Mahābhārata twelve months of Brahmā constitute his year, and one hundred such years his lifetime; fifty years of Brahmā are supposed to have elapsed... ).' M. W. An aeon of incalculable time, therefore called a 大時節 great time-node. v. 劫波.; The three asaṃkhyeya kalpas, the three countless aeons, the period of a bodhisattva's development; also the past 莊嚴劫, the present 賢劫, and the future 星宿劫 kalpas. There are other groups. 三劫三千佛 The thousand Buddhas in each of the three kalpas. |
如 see styles |
rú ru2 ju nyo にょ |
as; as if; such as {Buddh} (See 真如) tathata (the ultimate nature of all things); (female given name) Yuki tathā 多陀; 但他 (or 怛他), so, thus, in such manner, like, as. It is used in the sense of the absolute, the 空 śūnya, which is 諸佛之實相 the reality of all Buddhas; hence 如 ru is 賃相 the undifferentiated whole of things, the ultimate reality; it is 諸法之性 the nature of all things, hence it connotes 法性 faxing which is 眞實之際極 the ultimate of reality, or the absolute, and therefore connotes 實際 ultimate reality. The ultimate nature of all things being 如 ru, the one undivided same, it also connotes 理 li, the principle or theory behind all things, and this 理 li universal law, being the 眞實 truth or ultimate reality; 如 ru is termed 眞如 bhūtatathatā, the real so, or suchness, or reality, the ultimate or the all, i. e. the 一如 yiru. In regard to 如 ju as 理 li the Prajñā-pāramitā puṇḍarīka makes it the 中 zhong, neither matter nor nothingness. It is also used in the ordinary sense of so, like, as (cf yathā). |
故 see styles |
gù gu4 ku yue ゆえ |
happening; instance; reason; cause; intentional; former; old; friend; therefore; hence; (of people) to die, dead (adv,n) (kana only) reason; cause; circumstances Old, of old; from of old; cause; purposely; to die; tr. pūrva. |
爰 see styles |
yuán yuan2 yüan koko ここ |
therefore; consequently; thus; hence; thereupon; it follows that; where?; to change (into); ancient unit of weight and money (1) (kana only) here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining); this place; (2) these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker); (3) these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker); the next ... |
用 see styles |
yòng yong4 yung you / yo よう |
to use; to employ; to have to; to eat or drink; expense or outlay; usefulness; hence; therefore (1) business; task; errand; engagement; (2) use; purpose; (suffix noun) (3) for the use of ...; used for ...; made for ...; (4) (See 用を足す・2) call of nature; excretion; (place-name) Yō To use, to employ; use, function. |
糠 see styles |
kāng kang1 k`ang kang nuka; nuka ぬか; ヌカ |
husk; (of a radish etc) spongy (and therefore unappetising) rice bran; (place-name, surname) Nuka chaff |
貪 贪 see styles |
tān tan1 t`an tan tan; ton; don たん; とん; どん |
to have a voracious desire for; to covet; greedy; corrupt (1) coveting; (2) {Buddh} (usu. とん) raga (desire) rāga; colouring, dyeing, tint, red; affection, passion, vehement longing or desire; cf. M. W. In Chinese: cupidity, desire; intp. tainted by and in bondage to the five desires; it is the first in order of the 五鈍使 pañca-kleśa q. v., and means hankering after, desire for, greed, which causes clinging to earthly life and things, therefore reincarnation. |
輒 辄 see styles |
zhé zhe2 che chō すなわち |
then; at once; always; (archaic) luggage rack on a chariot (adv,conj) (kana only) that is; namely; i.e. therefore |
阿 see styles |
ē e1 o a あ |
(literary) to flatter; to curry favor with (1) (See 阿字・あじ) first Sanskrit alphabet letter; (2) (abbreviation) (See 阿弗利加・アフリカ) Africa; (3) (abbreviation) Awa (old province of Japan); (prefix) (4) (familiar language) (archaism) prefixed to names to show intimacy; (surname) Hodo M077477 羅陀補羅 Anurādhapura, a northern city of Ceylon, at which tradition says Buddhism was introduced into the island; cf. Abhayagiri, 阿跋.; M077477 樓馱 v. 阿那律Aniruddha.; a or ā, अ, आ. It is the first letter of the Sanskrit Siddham alphabet, and is also translit. by 曷, 遏, 安, 頞, 韻, 噁, etc. From it are supposed to be born all the other letters, and it is the first sound uttered by the human mouth. It has therefore numerous mystical indications. Being also a negation it symbolizes the unproduced, the impermanent, the immaterial; but it is employed in many ways indicative of the positive. Amongst other uses it indicates Amitābha, from the first syllable in that name. It is much in use for esoteric purposes. |
三假 see styles |
sān jiǎ san1 jia3 san chia sanke |
prajñāpti. The word 假 q.v. in Buddhist terminology means that everything is merely phenomenal, and consists of derived elements; nothing therefore has real existeme, but all is empty and unreal, 虛妄不實. The three 假 are 法 things, 受 sensations, and 名 names. |
三斷 三断 see styles |
sān duàn san1 duan4 san tuan sandan |
The three cuttings off or excisions (of 惑 beguiling delusions, or perplexities). (1) (a) 見所斷 to cut off delusions of view, of which Hīnayāna has eighty-eight kinds; (b) 修所斷in practice, eighty-one kinds; (c) 非所斷nothing left to cut off, perfect. v. 倶舍論 2. (2) (a) 自性斷 to cut off the nature or root (of delusion); (b) 緣縛斷 to cut off the external bonds, or objective causes (of delusions); (c) 不生斷 (delusion) no longer arising, therefore nothing produced to cut off. The third stage in both groups is that of an arhat. |
三身 see styles |
sān shēn san1 shen1 san shen sanjin; sanshin さんじん; さんしん |
{Buddh} trikaya (three bodies of the Buddha); (surname) Sanmi trikāya. 三寶身 The threefold body or nature of a Buddha, i.e. the 法, 報, and 化身, or dharmakāya, sambhogakāya, and nirmāṇakāya. The three are defined as 自性, 受用, and 變化, the Buddha-body per se, or in its essential nature; his body of bliss, which he "receives" for his own "use" and enjoyment; and his body of transformation, by which he can appear in any form; i.e. spiritual, or essential; glorified; revealed. While the doctrine of the trikāya is a Mahāyāna concept, it partly results from the Hīnayāna idealization of the earthly Buddha with his thirty-two signs, eighty physical marks, clairvoyance, clairaudience, holiness, purity, wisdom, pity, etc. Mahāyāna, however, proceeded to conceive of Buddha as the Universal, the All, with infinity of forms, yet above all our concepts of unity or diversity. To every Buddha Mahāyāna attributed a three-fold body: that of essential Buddha; that of joy or enjoyment of the fruits of his past saving labours; that of power to transform himself at will to any shape for omnipresent salvation of those who need him. The trinity finds different methods of expression, e.g. Vairocana is entitled 法身, the embodiment of the Law, shining everywhere, enlightening all; Locana is 報身; c.f. 三賓, the embodiment of purity and bliss; Śākyamuni is 化身 or Buddha revealed. In the esoteric sect they are 法 Vairocana, 報 Amitābha, and 化 Śākyamuni. The 三賓 are also 法 dharma, 報 saṅgha, 化 buddha. Nevertheless, the three are considered as a trinity, the three being essentially one, each in the other. (1) 法身 Dharmakāya in its earliest conception was that of the body of the dharma, or truth, as preached by Śākyamuni; later it became his mind or soul in contrast with his material body. In Mādhyamika, the dharmakāya was the only reality, i.e. the void, or the immateria1, the ground of all phenomena; in other words, the 眞如 the tathāgatagarbha, the bhūtatathatā. According to the Huayan (Kegon) School it is the 理or noumenon, while the other two are氣or phenomenal aspects. "For the Vijñānavāda... the body of the law as highest reality is the void intelligence, whose infection (saṃkleҫa) results in the process of birth and death, whilst its purification brings about Nirvāṇa, or its restoration to its primitive transparence" (Keith). The "body of the law is the true reality of everything". Nevertheless, in Mahāyāna every Buddha has his own 法身; e.g. in the dharmakāya aspect we have the designation Amitābha, who in his saṃbhogakāya aspect is styled Amitāyus. (2) 報身Sambhogakāya, a Buddha's reward body, or body of enjoyment of the merits he attained as a bodhisattva; in other words, a Buddha in glory in his heaven. This is the form of Buddha as an object of worship. It is defined in two aspects, (a) 自受用身 for his own bliss, and (b) 他受用身 for the sake of others, revealing himself in his glory to bodhisattvas, enlightening and inspiring them. By wisdom a Buddha's dharmakāya is attained, by bodhisattva-merits his saṃbhogakāya. Not only has every Buddha all the three bodies or aspects, but as all men are of the same essence, or nature, as Buddhas, they are therefore potential Buddhas and are in and of the trikāya. Moreover, trikāya is not divided, for a Buddha in his 化身 is still one with his 法身 and 報身, all three bodies being co-existent. (3) 化身; 應身; 應化身 nirmāṇakāya, a Buddha's transformation, or miraculous body, in which he appears at will and in any form outside his heaven, e.g. as Śākyamuni among men. |
二空 see styles |
èr kōng er4 kong1 erh k`ung erh kung nikū |
The two voids, unrealities, or immaterialities; v. 空. There are several antitheses: (1) (a) 人空; 我空 The non-reality of the atman, the soul, the person; (6) 法空 the non-reality of things. (2) (a) 性空 The Tiantai division that nothing has a nature of its own; (b) 相空 therefore its form is unreal, i.e. forms are temporary names. (3) (a) 但空 Tiantai says the 藏 and 通 know only the 空; (b) 不但空 the 別 and 圓 have 空, 假, and 中 q.v. (4) (a) 如實空 The division of the 起信論 that the 眞如 is devoid of all impurity; (b) 如實不空 and full of all merit, or achievement. |
二罪 see styles |
èr zuì er4 zui4 erh tsui nizai |
The two classes of offence: (a) 性罪 crime which is wrong in itself, e.g. murder, etc.; (b) 遮罪 crime not wrong in itself, e.g. taking alcohol, but forbidden by the Buddha for the sake of the other commandments; transgression of this is therefore a sin against the Buddha. |
五蘊 五蕴 see styles |
wǔ yùn wu3 yun4 wu yün goun / gon ごうん |
the Five Aggregates (from Sanskrit "skandha") (Buddhism) {Buddh} the five skandhas (matter, sensation, perception, mental formations and consciousness); the five aggregates The five skandhas, pañca-skandha: also 五陰; 五衆; 五塞犍陀 The five cumulations, substances, or aggregates, i. e. the components of an intelligent being, specially a human being: (1) 色 rūpa, form, matter, the physical form related to the five organs of sense; (2) 受 vedana, reception, sensation, feeling, the functioning of the mind or senses in connection with affairs and things; (3) 想 saṃjñā, conception, or discerning; the functioning of mind in distinguishing; (4) 行 saṃskāra, the functioning of mind in its processes regarding like and dislike, good and evil, etc.; (5) 識 vijñāna, mental faculty in regard to perception and cognition, discriminative of affairs and things. The first is said to be physical, the other four mental qualities; (2), (3), and (4) are associated with mental functioning, and therefore with 心所; (5) is associated with the faculty or nature of the mind 心王 manas. Eitel gives— form, perception, consciousness, action, knowledge. See also Keith's Buddhist Philosophy, 85-91. |
假觀 假观 see styles |
jiǎ guān jia3 guan1 chia kuan kekan |
The meditation on relative truth, or phenomenal and therefore illusory existence, in comparison with 空 and 中 q. v. |
內宿 内宿 see styles |
nèi sù nei4 su4 nei su naishuku |
Food that has been kept overnight in a monastic bedroom and is therefore one of the 'unclean' foods; v. 內煮. |
八忍 see styles |
bā rěn ba1 ren3 pa jen hachinin |
The eight kṣānti, or powers of patient endurance, in the desire-realm and the two realms above it, necessary to acquire the full realization of the truth of the Four Axioms, 四諦; these four give rise to the 四法忍, i.e. 苦, 集, 滅, 道法忍, the endurance or patient pursuit that results in their realization. In the realm of form and the formless, they are called the 四類忍. By patient meditation the 見惑 false or perplexed views will cease, and the八智 eight kinds of jñāna or gnosis be acquired; therefore 智 results from忍 and the sixteen, 八忍八智 (or 觀), are called the 十六心, i.e. the sixteen mental conditions during the stage of 見道, when 惑 illusions or perplexities of view are destroyed. Such is the teaching of the 唯識宗. The 八智 are 苦, 集, 滅,道法智 and 苦, etc. 類智. |
八識 八识 see styles |
bā shì ba1 shi4 pa shih hasshiki; hachishiki はっしき; はちしき |
{Buddh} eight consciousnesses (one for each of the five senses, consciousness of the mind, self-consciousness and store consciousness) The eight parijñāna, or kinds of cognition, perception, or consciousness. They are the five senses of cakṣur-vijñāna, śrotra-v., ghrāna-v., jihvā-v., and kāya-v., i.e. seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touch. The sixth is mano-vijñāna, the mental sense, or intellect, v. 末那. It is defined as 意 mentality, apprehension, or by some as will. The seventh is styled kliṣṭa-mano-vijñāna 末那識 discriminated from the last as 思量 pondering, calculating; it is the discriminating and constructive sense, more than the intellectually perceptive; as infected by the ālaya-vijñāna., or receiving "seeds" from it, it is considered as the cause of all egoism and individualizing, i.e. of men and things, therefore of all illusion arising from assuming the seeming as the real. The eighth is the ālaya-vijñāna, 阿頼耶識 which is the storehouse, or basis from which come all "seeds"of consciousness. The seventh is also defined as the ādāna 阿陀那識 or "laying hold of" or "holding on to" consciousness. |
六塵 六尘 see styles |
liù chén liu4 chen2 liu ch`en liu chen rokujin |
The six guṇas, qualities produced by the objects and organs of sense, i. e. sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and idea; the organs are the 六根, 六入, 六處, and the perceptions or discernments the 六識; cf. 六境. Dust 塵 is dirt, and these six qualities are therefore the cause of all impurity. Yet 六塵說法 the Buddha made use of them to preach his law. |
其故 see styles |
qí gù qi2 gu4 ch`i ku chi ku kiko |
therefore |
刹利 see styles |
chà lì cha4 li4 ch`a li cha li setsuri |
(刹帝利); 刹怛利耶 kṣatriya. The second, or warrior and ruling caste; Chinese render it as 田主 landowners and 王種 royal caste; the caste from which the Buddha came forth and therefore from which all Buddhas (如來) spring. |
四等 see styles |
sì děng si4 deng3 ssu teng shitō |
The four virtues which a Buddha out of his infinite heart manifests equally to all; also called 四無量 q. w. They are: 慈悲喜捨 maitrī, karuṇā, muditā, upekṣā, i. e. kindness, pity, joy and indifference, or 護 protection. Another group is 字語法身, i. e. 字 that all Buddhas have the same title or titles; 語 speak the same language; 法 proclaim the same truth; and 身 have each the threefold body, or trikāya. A third group is 諸法 all things are equally included in the bhūtatathatā; 發心 the mind-nature being universal, its field of action is universal; 道等 the way or method is also universal; therefore 慈悲 the mercy (of the Buddhas) is universal for all. |
四衆 四众 see styles |
sì zhòng si4 zhong4 ssu chung shishu; shishuu / shishu; shishu ししゅ; ししゅう |
(1) four orders of Buddhist followers (monks, nuns, male lay devotees and female lay devotees); (2) four monastic communities (ordained monks, ordained nuns, male novices and female novices); (3) (in Tendai) the four assemblies The four varga (groups, or orders), i. e. bhikṣu, bhikṣuṇī, upāsaka and upāsikā, monks, nuns, male and female devotees. Another group, according to Tiantai's commentary on the Lotus, is 發起衆 the assembly which, through Śāriputra, stirred the Buddha to begin his Lotus Sutra sermons; 當機衆 the pivotal assembly, those who were responsive to him; 影向衆 the reflection assembly, those like Mañjuśrī, etc., who reflected on, or drew out the Buddha's teaching; and 結緣衆 those who only profited in having seen and heard a Buddha, and therefore whose enlightenment is delayed to a future life. |
因內 因内 see styles |
yīn nèi yin1 nei4 yin nei innai |
(因內二明) Reason and authority; i. e. two of the five 明, v. 因明 and 内明, the latter referring to the statements, therefore authoritative, of the Scriptures. |
因而 see styles |
yīn ér yin1 er2 yin erh |
therefore; as a result; thus; and as a result, ... |
圓教 圆教 see styles |
yuán jiào yuan2 jiao4 yüan chiao engyō |
The complete, perfect, or comprehensive doctrine; the school or sect of Mahāyāna which represents it. The term has had three references. The first was by 光統 Guangtong of the Later Wei, sixth century, who defined three schools, 漸 gradual, 頓 immediate, and 圓 inclusive or complete. The Tiantai called its fourth section the inclusive, complete, or perfect teaching 圓, the other three being 三藏 Hīnayāna, 通 Mahāyāna-cum-Hīnayāna, 別 Mahāyāna. The Huayan so called its fifth section, i.e. 小乘; 大乘始; 大乘終; 頓 and 圓. It is the Tiantai version that is in general acceptance, defined as a perfect whole and as complete in its parts; for the whole is the absolute and its parts are therefore the absolute; the two may be called noumenon and phenomenon, or 空 and 假 (or 俗), but in reality they are one, i.e. the 中 medial condition. To conceive these three as a whole is the Tiantai inclusive or 'perfect' doctrine. The Huayan 'perfect' doctrine also taught that unity and differentiation, or absolute and relative, were one, a similar doctrine to that of the identity of contraries. In Tiantai teaching the harmony is due to its underlying unity; its completeness to the permeation of this unity in all phenomena; these two are united in the medial 中 principle; to comprehend these three principles at one and the same time is the complete, all-containing, or 'perfect' doctrine of Tiantai. There are other definitions of the all-inclusive doctrine, e.g. the eight complete things, complete in teaching, principles, knowledge, etc. 圓教四門 v. 四門. |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
所以 see styles |
suǒ yǐ suo3 yi3 so i yuen ゆえん |
therefore; as a result; so; the reason why reason; grounds hence |
故に see styles |
yueni ゆえに |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; consequently |
故作 see styles |
gù zuò gu4 zuo4 ku tso ko sa |
to pretend; to feign therefore [one] makes [does]... |
故名 see styles |
gù míng gu4 ming2 ku ming komyō |
therefore it is called... |
故此 see styles |
gù cǐ gu4 ci3 ku tz`u ku tzu |
therefore |
故爲 故为 see styles |
gù wéi gu4 wei2 ku wei koi |
therefore |
故而 see styles |
gù ér gu4 er2 ku erh koji |
therefore thereupon |
方等 see styles |
fāng děng fang1 deng3 fang teng hōdō |
vaipulya; cf. 方廣. 方 is interpreted as referring to the doctrine, 等 as equal, or universal, i. e. everynwhere equally. An attempt is made to distinguish between the two above terms, 方廣 being now used for vaipulya, but they are interchangeable. Eitel says the vaipulya sutras 'are distinguished by an expansion of doctrine and style (Sūtras developées, Burnouf). They are apparently of later date, showing the influence of different schools; their style is diffuse and prolix, repeating the same idea over and over again in prose and in verse; they are also frequently interlarded with prophecies and dhāraṇīs'; but the two terms seem to refer rather to the content than the form. The content is that of universalism. Chinese Buddhists assert that all the sutras from the 華嚴 Huayan onwards are of this class and therefore are Mahāyāna. Consequently all 方等 or 方廣 sutras are claimed by that school. Cf. 方便. |
於焉 于焉 see styles |
yú yān yu2 yan1 yü yen o en |
(classical) see 於是|于是[yu2 shi4] therefore |
是以 see styles |
shì yǐ shi4 yi3 shih i zei |
therefore; thus; so therefore |
是故 see styles |
shì gù shi4 gu4 shih ku konoyueni |
therefore; so; consequently therefore |
末尼 see styles |
mò ní mo4 ni2 mo ni mani |
maṇi 摩尼; a jewel, a crystal, a pearl, symbol of purity, therefore of Buddha and of his doctrine. It is used in oṃ-maṇi -padmi-hūṃ. |
父母 see styles |
fù mǔ fu4 mu3 fu mu fubo(p); chichihaha; tetehaha(ok); kazoiroha(ok); bumo(ok); kazoiro(ok) ふぼ(P); ちちはは; ててはは(ok); かぞいろは(ok); ぶも(ok); かぞいろ(ok) |
father and mother; parents father and mother; parents; (surname) Fubo pitṛ-mātṛ, father and mother, parents; 無明 ignorance is referred to as father, and 貪愛 desire, or concupiscence, as mother, the two— ignorance and concupiscence— being the parents of all delusion and karma. Samādhi is also referred to as father, and praj na (wisdom) as mother, the parents of all knowledge and virtue. In the vast interchanges of rebirth all have been or are my parents, therefore all males are my father and all females my mother: 一切男女我父母 see 心地觀經 2. |
空諦 空谛 see styles |
kōng dì kong1 di4 k`ung ti kung ti kuutai / kutai くうたい |
{Buddh} (See 三諦) truth of emptiness (holding that all things are void) The doctrine of immateriality, one of the three dogmas of Tiantai, that all things animate and inanimate, seeing that they result from previous causes and are without reality in themselves, are therefore 空or not material, but "spiritual". |
表山 see styles |
omoteyama おもてやま |
side of a mountain that gets a lot of sunshine (and is therefore suitable for farming); (surname) Hyōyama |
豐賤 丰贱 see styles |
fēng jiàn feng1 jian4 feng chien hōzen |
(grain) is abundant and (therefore) cheap |
黃衣 黄衣 see styles |
huáng yī huang2 yi1 huang i |
Yellow robes (of the monks), but as yellow is a prime colour and therefore unlawful, the garments are dyed a mixture, yellowish-grey. |
それ故 see styles |
soreyue それゆえ |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; for that reason; so |
たから see styles |
dakara だから |
(conjunction) (1) (See ですから) so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why; for that reason; (expression) (2) (at the start of a sentence) like I said; I told you already; (female given name) Takara |
二空觀 二空观 see styles |
èr kōng guān er4 kong1 guan1 erh k`ung kuan erh kung kuan ni kūkan |
Two kinds of meditation on the "void', or unreality: (a) 無生觀 the meditation that things are unproduced, having no individual or separate natures, i.e. that all things are void and unreal; cf. 性空; (b) 無相觀 that they are therefore formless, cf. 相空. Also 人 and 法空觀 see above. |
仍って see styles |
yotte よって |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; consequently; accordingly; because of |
仍りて see styles |
yorite よりて |
(conjunction) (archaism) as such; for that reason; therefore; consequently |
依って see styles |
yotte よって |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; consequently; accordingly; because of |
依りて see styles |
yorite よりて |
(conjunction) (archaism) as such; for that reason; therefore; consequently |
其れ故 see styles |
soreyue それゆえ |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; for that reason; so |
其処で see styles |
sokode そこで |
(conjunction) (kana only) so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore |
因って see styles |
yotte よって |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; consequently; accordingly; because of |
因りて see styles |
yorite よりて |
(conjunction) (archaism) as such; for that reason; therefore; consequently |
従って see styles |
shitagatte したがって |
(conjunction) (kana only) (See にしたがって) therefore; consequently; accordingly |
所以故 see styles |
suǒ yǐ gù suo3 yi3 gu4 so i ku shoiko |
therefore |
摩利支 see styles |
mó lì zhī mo2 li4 zhi1 mo li chih marishi まりし |
{Buddh} Marici (or 摩梨支, or 摩里支); 末利支 Marīci. Rays of light, the sun's rays, said to go before the sun; mirage; also intp. as a wreath. A goddess, independent and sovereign, protectress against all violence and peril. 'In Brahmanic mythology, the personification of light, offspring of Brahmā, parent of Sūrya.' 'Among Chinese Buddhists Maritchi is represented as a female with eight arms, two of which are holding aloft emblems of sun and moon, and worshipped as goddess of light and as the guardian of all nations, whom she protects from the fury of war. She is addressed as 天后 queen of heaven, or as 斗姥 lit. mother of the Southern measure (μλρστζ Sagittarī), and identified with Tchundi' and 'with Mahēśvarī, the wife of Maheśvara, and has therefore the attribute Mātrikā', mother of Buddhas. Eitel. Taoists address her as Queen of Heaven. |
摩竭陀 see styles |
mó jié tuó mo2 jie2 tuo2 mo chieh t`o mo chieh to Magada |
Magadha, also 摩竭提; 摩揭陀; 摩伽陀; 摩訶陀 'A kingdom in Central India, the headquarters of ancient Buddhism up to A.D. 400; the holy land of all Buddhists, covered with vihāras and therefore called Bahar, the southern portion of which corresponds to ancient Magadha.' Eitel. A ṛṣi after whom the country of Southern Behar is said to be called. Name of a previous incarnation of Indra; and of the asterism Maghā 摩伽. |
於是乎 于是乎 see styles |
yú shì hū yu2 shi4 hu1 yü shih hu |
therefore |
是故說 是故说 see styles |
shì gù shuō shi4 gu4 shuo1 shih ku shuo zeko setsu |
therefore it is said |
火結神 see styles |
homusubinokami ほむすびのかみ |
Kagutsuchi; fire deity who burned to death his mother Izanami during childbirth (and was therefore beheaded by his father Izanagi) |
然れば see styles |
shikareba しかれば |
(conjunction) (1) (dated) (kana only) therefore; thus; so; (conjunction) (2) (archaism) well, then; by the way |
縁って see styles |
yotte よって |
(conjunction) (kana only) therefore; consequently; accordingly; because of |
縛斯仙 缚斯仙 see styles |
fú sī xiān fu2 si1 xian1 fu ssu hsien Bakushisen |
Vasiṣṭha, 'a very celebrated Vedic ṛishi or inspired sage,' owner of the cow of plenty and able therefore to grant all desires. M.W. One of the six fire-devas in the maṇḍala. |
豆腐皮 see styles |
dòu fu pí dou4 fu5 pi2 tou fu p`i tou fu pi yuba ゆば |
tofu skin (made by drying the skin that forms on the surface of soymilk during cooking, and therefore not actually made from tofu) tofu skin; dried beancurd; delicacy made from the skin of gently boiled soybean milk |
還鄉女 还乡女 see styles |
huán xiāng nǚ huan2 xiang1 nu:3 huan hsiang nü |
(Korean term) women who returned to Korea after being abducted during the Manchu invasions of Korea in the 17th century, only to be regarded as defiled and therefore ostracized, even by their own families |
閃電光 闪电光 see styles |
shǎn diàn guāng shan3 dian4 guang1 shan tien kuang sendenkō |
Lightning-flashing, therefore awe-inspiring. |
からして see styles |
karashite からして |
(expression) (1) even; for starters; (expression) (2) (emphatic form of から) so; therefore; (expression) (3) judging from; based on; (expression) (4) since; from |
それ故に see styles |
soreyueni それゆえに |
(adverb) (kana only) and so; therefore; for that reason |
だもので see styles |
damonode だもので |
(expression) thereupon; therefore; because of that |
だもんで see styles |
damonde だもんで |
(expression) thereupon; therefore; because of that |
ですから see styles |
desukara ですから |
(conjunction) (polite language) (See だから・1) so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why; for that reason |
一實無相 一实无相 see styles |
yī shí wú xiàng yi1 shi2 wu2 xiang4 i shih wu hsiang ichijitsu musō |
The one reality being indivisible is apart from all transient (or empty) forms, and is therefore styled the formless, e.g. the invisible. |
三十而立 see styles |
sān shí ér lì san1 shi2 er2 li4 san shih erh li |
thirty years old and therefore independent (idiom, from Confucius) |
其れ故に see styles |
soreyueni それゆえに |
(adverb) (kana only) and so; therefore; for that reason |
就いては see styles |
tsuiteha ついては |
(conjunction) (kana only) in line with this; therefore; consequently; so; such being the case; in that regard; in this connection |
是故不說 是故不说 see styles |
shì gù bù shuō shi4 gu4 bu4 shuo1 shih ku pu shuo zeko fusetsu |
therefore it is not talked about |
是故不論 是故不论 see styles |
shì gù bù lùn shi4 gu4 bu4 lun4 shih ku pu lun zeko furon |
therefore it is not discussed |
是故應說 是故应说 see styles |
shì gù yìng shuō shi4 gu4 ying4 shuo1 shih ku ying shuo zeko ōsetsu |
therefore it should be explained |
是故當知 是故当知 see styles |
shì gù dāng zhī shi4 gu4 dang1 zhi1 shih ku tang chih zeko tōchi |
therefore you should know that... |
有餘涅槃 有余涅槃 see styles |
yǒu yú niè pán you3 yu2 nie4 pan2 yu yü nieh p`an yu yü nieh pan uyo nehan |
有餘依 (有餘依涅槃) Incomplete nirvāṇa. Hīnayāna holds that the arhat after his last term of mortal existence enters into nirvāṇa, while alive here he is in the state of sopādhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa, limited, or modified, nirvāṇa, as contrasted with 無餘涅槃 nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna holds that when the cause 因 of reincarnation is ended the state is that of 有餘涅槃 incomplete nirvāṇa; when the effect 果 is ended, and 得佛之常身 the eternal Buddha-body has been obtained, then there is 無餘涅槃 complete nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna writers say that in the Hīnayāna 無餘涅槃 'remainderless' nirvāṇa for the arhat there are still remains of illusion, karma, and suffering, and it is therefore 有餘涅槃; in Mahāyāna 無餘涅槃 these remains of illusion, etc., are ended. |
法界緣起 法界缘起 see styles |
fǎ jiè yuán qǐ fa3 jie4 yuan2 qi3 fa chieh yüan ch`i fa chieh yüan chi hokkai engi |
The dharmadhātu as the environmental cause of all phenomena, everything being dependent on everything else, therefore one is in all and all in one. |
火産霊神 see styles |
homusubinokami ほむすびのかみ |
Kagutsuchi; fire deity who burned to death his mother Izanami during childbirth (and was therefore beheaded by his father Izanagi) |
無始無明 无始无明 see styles |
wú shǐ wú míng wu2 shi3 wu2 ming2 wu shih wu ming mushi mumyō |
元品無明 (or 根本無明) The period of unenlightenment or ignorance without beginning, primal ignorance, also called 無始間隔, the period of transmigration which has no beginning; since under the law of causality everything has a cause, therefore no beginning is possible; for if there were a beginning it would be without cause, which is impossible. Also primal ignorance is without beginning; and the 眞如 is without beginning, the two terms connoting the same idea. 生死 Birth and death, or transmigration are 無始無終 also without beginning or end, but about the 'end' there is difference of interpretation. |
無時無刻 无时无刻 see styles |
wú shí - wú kè wu2 shi2 - wu2 ke4 wu shih - wu k`o wu shih - wu ko |
(idiom) (when followed by 不[bu4]) at no time; never (Note: 無時無刻不|无时无刻不[wu2shi2-wu2ke4 bu4] therefore means "at no time not ...", i.e. "at all times".); (when not followed by 不[bu4]) at all times; always |
由是義故 由是义故 see styles |
yóu shì yì gù you2 shi4 yi4 gu4 yu shih i ku yu ze gi ko |
for this reason; therefore |
等因奉此 see styles |
děng yīn fèng cǐ deng3 yin1 feng4 ci3 teng yin feng tz`u teng yin feng tzu |
officialese; official routine; (old) (conventional phrase used in response to one's superior) in view of the above, we therefore... |
軻遇突智 see styles |
kagutsuchi かぐつち |
{Shinto} (See 迦具土神) Kagutsuchi; fire deity who burned to death his mother Izanami during childbirth (and was therefore beheaded by his father Izanagi) |
迦具土神 see styles |
kagutsuchinokami かぐつちのかみ |
{Shinto} (See 伊弉冉尊,伊弉諾尊) Kagutsuchi; fire deity who burned to death his mother Izanami during childbirth (and was therefore beheaded by his father Izanagi) |
達利瑟致 达利瑟致 see styles |
dá lì sè zhì da2 li4 se4 zhi4 ta li se chih datsurishichi |
dṛṣṭi, 見 seeing, viewing, views, ideas, opinions; especially seeing the seeming as if real, therefore incorrect views, false opinions, e.g. 我見 the false idea of a permanent self; cf. darśana, infra. |
それだから see styles |
soredakara それだから |
(expression) therefore; and so; for that reason; accordingly; consequently; hence |
そんな訳で see styles |
sonnawakede そんなわけで |
(expression) (kana only) therefore; for that reason; such being the case |
であるから see styles |
dearukara であるから |
(expression) therefore; and so; for that reason; accordingly; consequently; hence |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Therefore" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
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Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
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